Embedded Linux Development: Building Efficient Systems for Embedded Devices

Duration: Hours

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    Description

    Introduction: Embedded Linux Development

    Embedded Linux is widely used in modern embedded systems due to its flexibility, open-source nature and robust support for a wide range of hardware platforms. Embedded Linux enables developers to build efficient, scalable and customizable systems for industrial control, consumer electronics, automotive systems, and more. This training introduces participants to the fundamentals of Embedded Linux, including kernel customization, device driver development, and bootloader configurations. By the end of this course, participants will have the knowledge and skills to build and manage Linux-based embedded systems.

     

    Prerequisites: Embedded Linux Development

    1. Basic knowledge of Linux command line: Familiarity with shell commands and the Linux file system.
    2. Experience with C programming: Understanding of C programming concepts, as Embedded Linux often involves writing kernel modules and drivers.
    3. Basic understanding of embedded systems: Prior knowledge of microcontrollers or single-board computers (e.g., Raspberry Pi, BeagleBone) is beneficial.

    Table of Contents

    1: Introduction to Embedded Linux

    1.1: Overview of Embedded Linux
    1.1.1 What is Embedded Linux?
    1.1.2 Advantages and use cases in embedded systems

    1.2: Embedded Linux vs Embedded RTOS
    1.2.1 Differences between Linux-based systems and RTOS for embedded devices
    1.2.2 Real-time extensions to Linux (PREEMPT-RT)

    1.3: Linux in Embedded Devices
    1.3.1 Common platforms: Raspberry Pi, BeagleBone, ARM-based devices

    1.4: Session Activities
    1.4.1 Installing and setting up Linux on a development board (Raspberry Pi or BeagleBone)

    2: Linux Kernel for Embedded Systems

    2.1: Introduction to the Linux Kernel
    2.2.1 Kernel structure and components

    2.2: Configuring, Compiling and Installing a Linux Kernel

    2.3: Kernel Customization
    2.3.1 Customizing the kernel for specific embedded hardware
    2.3.2 Enabling/disabling kernel features and modules

    2.4: Cross-Compiling the Kernel
    2.4.1 Using cross-compilation for different architectures (e.g., ARM, MIPS)
    2.4.2 Toolchains and build environments

    2.5: Session Activities
    2.5.1 Compiling a custom Linux kernel for a target embedded platform

    3: Bootloaders in Embedded Linux

    3.1: Introduction to Bootloaders
    3.1.1 Role of bootloaders in embedded systems
    3.1.2 Common bootloaders: U-Boot, Barebox, GRUB

    3.2: Bootloader Configuration
    3.2.1 Boot process in embedded Linux systems
    3.2.2 Customizing U-Boot for embedded hardware

    3.3: Session Activities
    3.3.1 Configuring and installing U-Boot on an embedded Linux device

    4: Root Filesystem and Device Tree

    4.1: Understanding the Root Filesystem
    4.1.1 Components of an embedded Linux filesystem (bin, dev, sys, etc.)
    4.1.2 Filesystem types: ext4, JFFS2, SquashFS

    4.2: Building a Root Filesystem
    4.2.1 Creating minimal root filesystems using tools like BusyBox and Buildroot
    4.2.2 Mounting the root filesystem

    4.3: Device Tree Overview
    4.3.1 What is a device tree and why is it needed?
    4.3.2 Writing and compiling Device Tree Blobs (DTB) for hardware platforms

    4.4: Session Activities
    4.4.1 Building a custom root filesystem and deploying it to an embedded board

    5: Embedded Linux System Initialization

    5.1: System Boot Process
    5.1.1 Bootloader to kernel to root filesystem flow

    5.2: Systemd and Init as System Initializers

    5.3: Configuring Init and Systemd for Embedded Devices
    5.3.1 Customizing startup scripts
    5.3.2 Managing services and daemons on embedded Linux

    5.4: Session Activities
    5.4.1 Customizing system startup and managing services with Systemd

    6: Device Driver Development in Embedded Linux

    6.1: Introduction to Linux Device Drivers
    6.1.1 Types of device drivers (character, block, network)
    6.1.2 Overview of Linux device driver architecture

    6.2: Writing and Compiling Device Drivers
    6.2.1 Writing simple character drivers(Ref: Introduction to Embedded Systems)
    6.2.2 Registering and managing devices in the Linux kernel

    6.3: Kernel Modules
    6.3.1 Writing and loading kernel modules (.ko files)
    6.3.2 Managing kernel modules at runtime

    6.4: Session Activities
    6.4.1 Developing a simple character device driver and loading it as a kernel module

    7: Networking in Embedded Linux

    7.1: Networking Overview in Linux
    7.1.1 Setting up network interfaces in Linux
    7.1.2 Ethernet, Wi-Fi and other network protocols

    7.2: Socket Programming in Embedded Systems
    7.2.1 Writing simple client-server applications using sockets
    7.2.2 Interfacing embedded systems with external networks and the Internet

    7.3: Session Activities
    7.3.1 Setting up network communication between two embedded Linux devices

    8: Real-Time Linux in Embedded Systems

    8.1: Introduction to Real-Time Linux
    8.1.1 Understanding real-time requirements in embedded systems
    8.1.2 PREEMPT-RT and other real-time patches for the Linux kernel

    8.2: Configuring Linux for Real-Time Performance
    8.2.1 Kernel configuration for low-latency and determinism
    8.2.2 Testing real-time performance in embedded applications

    8.3: Session Activities
    8.3.1 Configuring and testing a real-time Linux system for embedded applications

    9: Debugging and Profiling in Embedded Linux

    9.1: Debugging Techniques
    9.1.1 Using GDB and KGDB for debugging kernel and user-space programs
    9.1.2 Analyzing kernel logs and crash dumps

    9.2: Profiling and Performance Tuning
    9.2.1 Tools for system profiling (perf, ftrace, strace)
    9.2.2 Identifying bottlenecks and optimizing performance

    9.3: Session Activities
    9.3.1 Using GDB and perf tools to debug and optimize embedded Linux programs

    10: Embedded Linux in IoT and Edge Devices

    10.1: Embedded Linux in IoT Applications
    10.1.1 Role of Embedded Linux in IoT architecture
    10.1.2 Communication protocols (MQTT, CoAP) and cloud integration

    10.2: Security in Embedded Linux
    10.2.1 Secure boot, root of trust and device authentication
    10.2.2 Best practices for securing embedded Linux systems

    10.3: Session Activities
    10.3.1 Implementing a basic IoT project using embedded Linux and cloud integration

    11: Building Embedded Linux Systems with Yocto

    11.1: Introduction to the Yocto Project
    11.1.1 What is Yocto and why use it for embedded Linux development?
    11.1.2 Building custom Linux distributions for embedded systems

    11.2: Yocto Layers and Recipes
    11.2.1 Understanding the layer architecture in Yocto
    11.2.2 Writing recipes to build software packages

    11.3: Session Activities
    11.3.1 Building a custom Linux image for an embedded platform using Yocto

    12: Case Studies and Best Practices

    12.1: Real-World Case Studies
    12.1.1 Analysis of successful embedded Linux deployments in industries like automotive, consumer electronics and industrial control

    12.2: Best Practices for Embedded Linux Development
    12.2.1 Code optimization, security and system updates
    12.2.2 Long-term maintenance and support for embedded Linux systems

    12.3: Session Activities
    12.3.1 Final project review and optimization of an embedded Linux system

    This training will equip participants with the knowledge and practical skills to develop, configure and optimize embedded Linux systems, preparing them to handle complex challenges in real-world embedded applications.

    Reference

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